滑模控制的新型双幂次组合函数趋近律

提出一种基于双幂次组合函数趋近律的新型滑模控制方案。与现有的快速幂次或双幂次趋近律相比,具有更快的收敛速度,同时还保持了全局固定时间收敛特性,收敛时间上界与滑模初值无关。当系统存在有界扰动时,能够使滑模变量在有限时间内收敛到稳态误差界内,同时其稳态误差要小于现有方法的。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性及理论分析的正确性。     

可调喷油规律下柴油机性能随喷油提前角的影响

为获取可调喷油规律条件下,喷油提前角对柴油机性能的影响规律及成因机理。在实现可调喷油规律喷射的基础上,基于Fire软件建立了柴油机工作过程计算模型,并通过试验对模型中的主要参数进行了标定,进而利用模型分析了靴形喷油规律下柴油机性能随喷油提前角的变化。结果表明：随着增压时刻的滞后,喷油规律由矩形过渡到斜坡形再到靴形,实现了灵活可调的喷油规律。在靴形喷油规律条件下,存在一个最佳的喷油提前角,使柴油机的动力性和经济性均达到最优。同时,随着喷油提前角的增大,柴油机缸内压力、缸内温度以及放热率均逐渐升高,且到达各自最大值的时刻前移,而NOx排放量和碳烟排放量则分别呈现出增加和减小的趋势。     

影响依法实施消防监督的因素及对策

从影响依法实施消防监督的因素入手 ,提出必须合理确定消防监督机构的职责 ,界定消防执法范围 ;充分发挥各级消防协会的作用 ,让社会力量为消防监督服务 ;加强法制教育 ;充分发挥政治教育作用 ,提高服务意识 ;建立竞争和监督机制等对策。     

军事法基市原则的反思与重构

军事法的基本原则是军事法律规范规律性的体现 ,是军事法制定的基础 ,是军事法适用的准则。军事法基本原则的概念及其特征如何 ?军事法基本原则的体系如何构建 ?军事法应该包括哪些基本原则 ?军事法的每个原则的具体内涵应该是什么 ?这些都是值得军事法学界予以关注和探讨的重大学术问题     

离散变速趋近律抖振机理及鲁棒性研究

研究基于离散变速趋近律的变结构控制设计问题.利用不等式形式到达条件研究变速趋近律的抖振机理,并对其鲁棒性进行分析.研究结果表明,只要不确定因素有界,即可保证闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性,而通过调整变速趋近律自身参数,可以避免抖振并使系统具有良好的动态品质.将理论成果用于某型船舶航向自动舵的设计,实验结果证实了它的有效性.     

攻击主动防御飞行器的微分对策制导律

基于微分对策理论设计了躲避护卫弹的同时攻击飞行器的制导律。根据传统的性能指标推导了该场景的微分对策制导律,并且根据权重系数的取值定义了三种制导律:最优追赶制导律、逃脱-追赶制导律和复合制导律。最优追赶制导律容易被护卫弹拦截,逃脱-追赶制导律容易造成导弹和飞行器的零控脱靶量急剧增大而使得攻击失败,复合制导律很难选择合适的权重系数。针对以上不足,提出了两种改进的制导律,并对该两种制导律的适用情况进行了分析。通过非线性模型仿真,验证了这两种方法的可行性。该两种制导律目的性强,攻击导弹可以躲避护卫弹进而攻击飞行器。     

俄罗斯等国对军警遂行反恐任务中权益的保护及启示

俄罗斯等国对军警遂行反恐任务中的权益作出五点保护：遂行反恐任务身体受到伤害、牺牲者,国家给予补偿金赔偿;因遂行反恐任务人身安全受到恐怖威胁,提出整容要求者国家予以解决;遂行反恐任务期间的军龄优惠计算;处置恐怖事件造成的损害免于法律追究;处置恐怖事件损失的个人财产由国家赔偿。俄罗斯等国对军警遂行反恐任务中权益保护的做法,对我国有两点启示：要进一步完善保护遂行反恐任务的武警官兵生命权等权利的法律;要进一步完善保护遂行反恐任务的武警官兵经济权利的法律。     

北斗三号新信号体制共视时间比对

为促使北斗系统特别是北斗三号系统尽早加入国际原子时计算,利用中国科学院国家授时中心以及捷克无线电工程和电子学院两个守时实验室接收机产生的北斗三号新信号体制观测数据,开展基于北斗三号新信号体制共视时间比对试验。结果表明,北斗三号信号的多路径噪声影响小于北斗二号信号,且信噪比优于北斗二号信号。对比已有的研究,北斗三号新信号体制(B1C和B2a)共视时间比对的噪声相对于北斗三号卫星播发的北斗二号兼容信号体制(B1I和B3I)有较大的改善,其结果与GPS、Galileo共视比对结果相当,且在零基线共钟比对中,基于北斗三号新信号体制比对钟差的标准偏差相对于北斗二号信号提高了40%以上;利用北斗三号新信号体制共视得到的亚欧两地钟差噪声小于北斗二号信号,且比对钟差的稳定度相对于北斗二号提高了10%以上。该试验也可为北斗三号时间比对纳入国际原子时计算提供相关的研究基础。     

Less than Meets the Eye

Observers of United States (US) interventions have almost universally characterized the 1994 Haiti intervention as multilateral, a model for how international cooperation can achieve common security goals. A closer analysis of the intervention reveals that the planning and execution of the intervention were almost entirely unilateral and therefore cost the US few if any of the theoretical costs of coalition warfare, including interoperability and policy compromise. Mapped onto the unilateral strategy and operation of the intervention, however, was a multilateral diplomatic effort that secured United Nations Security Council authorization and provided a cover for an intervention that the US had already planned and intended to execute with or without that authorization. That the US sought a multilateral cover for an intervention that it could easily accomplish unilaterally shows the importance of two factors: A domestic audience that opposed unilateral peacekeeping but would accept using US resources as part of a broader multilateral operation, and a local population that would be more responsive to a multilateral coalition than a use of force that was perceived to be unilateral. The Haiti intervention shows that the determinants of success in operations other than war are as much political as military. When the US already has overwhelming military superiority vis-à-vis its adversary, building military coalitions becomes as much about enlisting political support as aggregating material capability.     

US warfare in Somalia and the trade-off between casualty-aversion and civilian protection

This article examines the ways in which the two normative concerns of casualty-aversion and civilian protection influenced US military strategy in the particular context of the asymmetric conflict in Somalia in the early 1990s. The article critically evaluates US military operations through the prism of international humanitarian law and examines whether American forces started prioritizing casualty-aversion over the safeguarding of Somali civilians. Finally, by drawing on emerging moral guidelines (such as Michael Walzer's idea of ‘due care’), the article examines whether lower numbers of Somali civilian deaths could have been achieved if marginal increases to the risks faced by US soldiers had been accepted.